How to Know the Difference Between Sensory Processing Disorder and HSP

Sensory Processing Disorder and the Brain

Sensory processing disorder, or SPD, is classified as an actual neurological disorder. A disconnect exists between the brain and the ability to interpret sensory information properly. The sensory signals don’t elicit appropriate responses to stimuli. The brain essentially can’t receive surrounding information correctly.

Sensory information includes anything you can see, feel, touch, hear, or smell. With SPD, one sense can be affected, or multiple may be involved. 

Response to Sensation

SPD is often characterized by either an over-responding or under-responding to sensory stimuli. These end-of-the-spectrum responses can greatly impact daily life.

An overly sensitive person may find basic stimuli unpleasant and unbearable. Certain fabrics of clothing, light, sounds, and physical contact can get off-putting and hard to process. They become avoidant to some surroundings or situations because their perception of sensory information can be overwhelming.

On the other hand, a person who is under-responsive shows little reaction to stimuli, including abrasive ones. They are more likely to be sensory seeking and search out heavy-impact movements, loud music, or high-energy tasks. 

High Sensitivity and the Brain

High sensitivity, or HSP, is similar to SPD but is not a disorder or diagnosis. It’s a variation of a normal temperament. This biological trait has evolved for some specific reason.

A person with HSP is more alert and aware of their surroundings. They have a nervous system that operates in overdrive and picks up signals from many environmental factors. They’re more likely to be observant, cautious, overstimulated, and knee-jerk reactors. On the positive side, they’re more in tune with their feelings and can be empathetic towards those around them. 

SPD Symptoms

In addition to difficulty interpreting sensory information, SPD typically causes problems with motor planning, motor control, balance, and body awareness. There may also be postural deficits or a floppy appearance. Due to the physical symptoms, people with SPD may be mistaken for being lazy, clumsy, or a “spaz.”

There is a common occurrence of additional diagnoses with SPD, like attention deficit disorder or ADD. 

Telling SPD and HSP Apart

Since the two sensory issues are so similar, it can be difficult to distinguish between the two. Those with HSP struggle with processing information appropriately, but this tends to be more situational. They may be overly sensitive and become overwhelmed, but it’s not a result of disconnected signals. 

HSP causes sensitivity, so certain triggers may cause them to react in a way that interferes with normal functioning during a highly stimulated moment. When no overstimulation is present, performing basic day-to-day tasks is no problem.

Another big difference for HSPs is that they are able to live normal lives and participate in activities without requiring formal treatment. It’s more about finding a balance for their sensitivity and emotions rather than adapting to poor processing.

SPD differs in that a similar trigger can elicit a consistent response regardless of the other factors. Triggers complicate daily functioning due to the nature of the disorder in the brain. Those with SPD will likely need skilled treatment to function more effectively.

The Environmental Influence 

For those operating as HSPs, the environment plays a big role in their function. The appropriate environment can set them up for success. Their needs are simple, and often, space is the biggest thing they need to thrive.

If you want to learn more about HSP or SPD, use our contact information to schedule an informational session.